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How to self-host inference with vLLM

OpenAI-compatible self-hosted serving with batching, GPU utilization, and a path that still goes through your gateway for tags and policy.

TrialLLMOps14 min
LLM gateway · cost · eval

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Apps → tagged gateway → AWS / Azure / GCP providers or self-host. Cost tags feed FinOps; sampled traffic closes the eval loop.

When you need this

  • Need EU data residency for prompts/completions
  • API spend dominates; open weights are viable
  • Latency to public APIs misses SLOs
  • Want continuous batching on owned GPUs

Prerequisites

  • GPU nodes with capacity plan
  • Model license review completed
  • LiteLLM (or gateway) for routing already planned

Tools

  • Assess TCO vs managed APIs; needs GPU ops maturity and autoscaling discipline.

  • Deploy as single ingress before adding a second LLM vendor.

  • Assess TCO vs managed endpoints unless you already run K8s at scale.

Steps

  1. 1

    Select model and hardware profile

    Match context length, quantization, and GPU memory. Document tokens/sec target and max concurrent requests.

  2. 2

    Deploy vLLM with OpenAI API shape

    Expose the compatible endpoint behind internal ingress only. Enable continuous batching; set max_model_len intentionally.

  3. 3

    Put LiteLLM in front

    Apps never call vLLM directly — gateway applies tags, budgets, fallbacks to cloud models, and audit logs.

  4. 4

    Autoscaling and GPU FinOps

    Scale on queue depth / GPU util. Label pods for Kubecost. Prefer scale-to-zero or schedule for non-prod.

  5. 5

    Eval parity before cutover

    Run the same golden set against cloud and vLLM paths. Cut traffic only when quality and latency SLOs hold.

Adoption pitfalls

  • Skipping gateway → no FinOps or policy
  • Oversized context length wastes VRAM
  • No cold-start plan for autoscaled replicas

Adoption checklist

  • Internal-only ingress; no public model API
  • All traffic via gateway with tags
  • Golden-set parity vs previous provider
  • GPU showback labels present
  • Rollback to cloud model path tested

SEER REAL assessment / sprint

Assessment weighs sovereign inference vs API cost. Sprint stands up vLLM for one model behind LiteLLM with eval parity and rollback.

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